merge (3C++std) - Tru64 UNIX
Standard C++ LibraryCopyright 1996, Rogue Wave Software, Inc. NAME
merge - Merge two sorted sequences into a third sequence.
SYNOPSIS
#include <algorithm>
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2,
class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator
merge(InputIterator first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator last2,
OutputIterator result);
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2,
class OutputIterator, class Compare>
OutputIterator
merge(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator last2,
OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
DESCRIPTION
The merge algorithm merges two sorted sequences, specified by [first1,
last1) and [first2, last2), into the sequence specified by [result, result
+ (last1 - first1) + (last2 - first2)). The first version of the merge
algorithm uses the less than operator (<) to compare elements in the two
sequences. The second version uses the comparison function provided by the
function call. If a comparison function is provided, merge assumes that
both sequences were sorted using that comparison function.
The merge is stable. This means that if the two original sequences contain
equivalent elements, the elements from the first sequence will always
precede the matching elements from the second in the resulting sequence.
The size of the result of a merge is equal to the sum of the sizes of the
two argument sequences. merge returns an iterator that points to the end
of the resulting sequence, i.e., result + (last1 - first1) + (last2
-first2). The result of merge is undefined if the resulting range overlaps
with either of the original ranges.
merge assumes that there are at least (last1 - first1) + (last2 - first2)
elements following result, unless result has been adapted by an insert
iterator.
COMPLEXITY
For merge at most (last - first1) + (last2 - first2) - 1 comparisons are
performed.
EXAMPLE
//
// merge.cpp
//
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream.h>
int main()
{
int d1[4] = {1,2,3,4};
int d2[8] = {11,13,15,17,12,14,16,18};
// Set up two vectors
vector<int> v1(d1,d1 + 4), v2(d1,d1 + 4);
// Set up four destination vectors
vector<int> v3(d2,d2 + 8),v4(d2,d2 + 8),
v5(d2,d2 + 8),v6(d2,d2 + 8);
// Set up one empty vector
vector<int> v7;
// Merge v1 with v2
merge(v1.begin(),v1.end(),v2.begin(),v2.end(),v3.begin());
// Now use comparator
merge(v1.begin(),v1.end(),v2.begin(),v2.end(),v4.begin(),
less<int>());
// In place merge v5
vector<int>::iterator mid = v5.begin();
advance(mid,4);
inplace_merge(v5.begin(),mid,v5.end());
// Now use a comparator on v6
mid = v6.begin();
advance(mid,4);
inplace_merge(v6.begin(),mid,v6.end(),less<int>());
// Merge v1 and v2 to empty vector using insert iterator
merge(v1.begin(),v1.end(),v2.begin(),v2.end(),
back_inserter(v7));
// Copy all cout
ostream_iterator<int,char> out(cout," ");
copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),out);
cout << endl;
copy(v2.begin(),v2.end(),out);
cout << endl;
copy(v3.begin(),v3.end(),out);
cout << endl;
copy(v4.begin(),v4.end(),out);
cout << endl;
copy(v5.begin(),v5.end(),out);
cout << endl;
copy(v6.begin(),v6.end(),out);
cout << endl;
copy(v7.begin(),v7.end(),out);
cout << endl;
// Merge v1 and v2 to cout
merge(v1.begin(),v1.end(),v2.begin(),v2.end(),
ostream_iterator<int,char>(cout," "));
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
Output :
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
WARNING
If your compiler does not support default template parameters then you need
to always supply the Allocator template argument. For instance you'll have
to write:
vector<int,allocator<int> >
instead of:
vector<int>
SEE ALSO
Containers, inplace_merge
STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
ANSI X3J16/ISO WG21 Joint C++ Committee
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